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Influence of PbO and CdO nanoparticles on particular physiological functions in mouse.
Svozilová, Eva ; Vrlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is to assess the long-term effects of inhalation of nanoparticles of lead oxide and cadmium oxide on the weight of selected organs of experimental white mice. The selected organs (spleen, liver, kidney, lungs, brain) were successively collected during a period of thirteen weeks. The effect of inhalation of both metal oxides was statistically evaluated. In both study groups of the experiment (PbO and CdO), the relation between organs weight and the length of inhalation and the relation between organs weight and inhalation of differing metal concentrations were evaluated, and results both of the study groups were compared to each other.
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Mechanisms of immune response against kidney allograft
Švachová, Veronika
Kidney transplantation improves the prognosis and quality of life of patients with end- stage renal disease. However, the occurrence of rejection still represents a major complication that can lead to failure of allograft function. In our work, we have studied the phenotypic changes of subpopulations of B lymphocytes and monocytes, which represent one of the key players involved in immune responses against kidney transplantation. In the part of the research devoted to B lymphocytes, we have observed a different redistribution of individual B cell compartments in the peripheral blood during the first year after transplantation without significant differences between used immunosuppression. We have demonstrated that sensitized and rejected patients had a lower level of IgMhigh CD38high CD24high transient B cells. These results support the hypothesis of a protective role of transient B lymphocytes. Activation of monocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood in the posttransplantation perion was also subject of research. We have compared a cohort of patients with normal graft function with a group of patients with acute rejection. The level of "transient" monocytes and HLA-DR expression in a subset of "non-classical" monocytes did not decrease in patients with rejection, compared to the group with a...
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Mechanisms of immune response against kidney allograft
Švachová, Veronika ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Mrázek, František (referee) ; Posová, Helena (referee)
Kidney transplantation improves the prognosis and quality of life of patients with end- stage renal disease. However, the occurrence of rejection still represents a major complication that can lead to failure of allograft function. In our work, we have studied the phenotypic changes of subpopulations of B lymphocytes and monocytes, which represent one of the key players involved in immune responses against kidney transplantation. In the part of the research devoted to B lymphocytes, we have observed a different redistribution of individual B cell compartments in the peripheral blood during the first year after transplantation without significant differences between used immunosuppression. We have demonstrated that sensitized and rejected patients had a lower level of IgMhigh CD38high CD24high transient B cells. These results support the hypothesis of a protective role of transient B lymphocytes. Activation of monocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood in the posttransplantation perion was also subject of research. We have compared a cohort of patients with normal graft function with a group of patients with acute rejection. The level of "transient" monocytes and HLA-DR expression in a subset of "non-classical" monocytes did not decrease in patients with rejection, compared to the group with a...
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Dopad alimentární expozice bisfenolu S na vybrané orgány laboratorních potkanů
ROČEŇOVÁ, Adéla
The present thesis investigated the impact of a ten-week oral exposure to BPS (50 ?g/kg live weight/day) in female outbred Wistar Han rats. The effect of BPS exposure on live weight, absolute and relative kidney and liver weights, morphometric parameters of kidney and renal corpuscles, histopathological changes of kidney and liver were evaluated. In addition, the concentration of total protein, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, urea and alanine aminotransferase activity were determined in blood serum.
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Pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome in children and predictors of corticosteroid treatment response
Bezdíčka, Martin ; Souček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Doležel, Zdeněk (referee) ; Reiterová, Jana (referee)
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease caused by injury of the podocytes. It can be secondary due to infection, systemic disease or certain drugs, but it may also present as sudden primary nephrotic syndrome without obvious inducer. Current standard treatment has many severe adverse effects. In some patients that are resistant to the initial several-week-long glucocorticoid treatment it is possible to reveal the causative genetic aetiology of the disease, whereas in the rest of them aetiology remains unknown. Those who respond well to initial glucocorticoid treatment and achieve remission may later on develop repeated relapses requiring long-term glucocorticoid therapy. This work describes our original research studies focusing on the improvement of genetic diagnostics of nephrotic syndrome, on the exploration of molecular mechanisms of the second most common genetic cause of the steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (transcription factor WT1 mutants) and on the search of clinical and laboratory factors that could predict the resistence to glucocorticoid treatment. By combining Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS) we were the first to identify monogenic cause in 38 % of Czech and Slovak children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome whose samples had been collected for 18 years. The most...
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Postnatální změny ledvin králíka
ROČEŇOVÁ, Adéla
The kidneys are the main excretory organ that completes morphological and functional development in a species-different postnatal period of an individual's life. This bachelor thesis dealt with morphometric and histological changes in the kidneys of rabbits. The study included 42 New Zealand white rabbits at the age of 0, 5, 10, 14, 19, 27, 32 days. During this period, the length, width and weight of the kidneys and histological changes were determined, and at the age of 14, 19, 27, 32 days also the length, width, area and number of renal corpusles. In newborn rabbits, the average kidneys length was 9.75+-0.66 mm and the width was 5.88+-0.78 mm. Over 32 days, length increased by 117.44% (21.2+-1.71 mm) and width by 144.90 % (14.4+-1.61 mm). The most significant increase in kidneys length and width occurred in the first 19 days of life (length 110.26 %, width 144.56 %). The average kidneys weight of the newborn rabbit was 0.25+-0.03 g and 2.40+-0.83 g on day 32. A nephrogenic zone and nephrons type I and II were observed in the kidneys up to 10 days of age. By day 19, nephrons type III were present. The onset of marrow differentiation into inner and outer zones was noted at 10 days and at 14 days the zones were fully distinguishable. In 14-day-old individuals, the average length of renal corpusles was 55.10+-6.32 um, width 67.51+-8.91 um and area 3125.25+-778.99 um2. In 32 days, the length reached 76.90+-6.26 um, the width 93.96+-6.10 um and the area 5963.06+-851.05 um2. High correlation coefficients ranging from 0.886 to 0.972 were found between body weight and renal morphometric parameters. High correlation coefficients were found also between the weight of the kidneys and the morphometric parameters of the renal corpuscles. A negative coefficient was found between the area and the number of renal corpuscles (rxy = -0.997).
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The role of IL-17 in kidney transplantation
Menšíková, Markéta ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
The role of IL-17 in kidney transplantation - abstract Naive CD4+ T-lymphocytes (Thp) can develop into Th17 line in the presence of TGF- and IL-6. Th17 cells are characterized by expression of Ror- t and by production of interleukin-17 (IL-17). It is secreted as a glycoprotein homodimer. Binding to IL-17 receptor (IL-17R), which is present in all cell types, stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The ratio of Th17: Treg in the graft showing signs of rejection is higher than in the graft without rejection. The presence of IL-17 in a culture of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) stimulates the production of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and C3 complement component. Simultaneous action of IL-17 and CD40L synergistically increases the production of IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES. Signaling from the receptor on the surface of PTEC associated with its increased expression is effected via the src kinase and MAP kinase, and probably leads to the transcription factor NF- B. In rat models of transplantation, the IL-17 appears in allografts on the second day after surgery, the level rises until the fifth day, then decreases and disappears before the death of the animal. IL-17 is not detectable in isografts and negative controls. It appears before the IFN- , which had been considered a trigger of...
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Molecular genetic characterization of the rare tumours of the urogenital tract.
Šteiner, Petr ; Vaněček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
The aim of this study was molecular characterization of four types of renal tumours (papillary renal cell carcinoma [PRCC], tubulocystic renal carcinoma [TCRC], pseudorossette forming renal carcinoma [PRRC] and unclassified renal carcinomas [URC]) and two types of rare tumours of the testes (Adult type of granulosa cell tumours [ATGCTs] and Incompletely differentiated sex cord stromal tumours [ISCSTs]). In case of TCRC the activity of signalling pathways involved in angiogenesis was studied. The aim was to determine the suitability of antiangiogenic agents for treatment of TCRC. Next, the methylation profile of 24 tumor suppressor genes was studied in TCRC and PRCC in order to analyze their similarity. Eventual differences could be helpful tool in differential diagnostics. Also, spectrum of chromosomal aberrations was analyzed by array-CGH in one case of PRRC and two cases of URC. Any unique aberration found would be useful in differential diagnostics of these tumors. Last, but not least, the specificity of mutation c.402C>G of FOXL2 gene for ovarian ATGCTs was verified by studying its occurrence in testicular ATGCTs and ISCSTs. Analysis of mRNA levels did not reveal any enhanced activity of the studied signalling pathways. Cluster analysis of methylation profiles showed close relationship between PRCC a...
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Case Study of Physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation
Lonek, Jan ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Charvát, Robert (referee)
Title: Case study of physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to elaborate on case studies of the patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplant from the perspective of a physical therapist. The case report is supplemented by theoretical information on transplantation and the patient's disease, which is diabetes mellitus. Methods: The thesis is divided into a general and a practical part. Based on the scientific literature, the general section summarizes basic knowledge about diabetes mellitus, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, and a subsequent physical therapy treatment. The practical part of the thesis describes the process of rehabilitation that the patient underwent during my continuous professional practice at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine from January 22 to February 16, 2018. Results: During therapy sessions, the patient's overall physical condition and independence were rehabilitated, which were the main goals of the treatment plan. Furthermore, an elimination of reflex changes in soft tissue was achieved, especially in the abdominal area. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, transplantation, pancreas, kidney, physical therapy
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Analysis and identification of proteins in organ dysfunction using proteomic methods
Tůma, Zdeněk ; Matějovič, Martin (advisor) ; Lopot, František (referee) ; Hernychová, Lenka (referee)
Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteomics has been utilized in medicine for investigation of disease mechanisms and biomarker discovery. Instrumental methods cover sample preparation, protein and peptide separation and mass spectrometry. At present, there is no proteomic method that can be used as universal for every sample. Analytical methods need to be adapted and optimized for certain samples. The aim of this work was to create methodic procedures and to interpret results of experimental and clinical research. The first part of the thesis includes experiments utilizing proteomics to study changes in the plasma proteome clinically relevant porcine model of sepsis-induced peritonitis. Proteomic analyzes were also starting methodological strategies in experiments aimed at kidney physiology and pathophysiology of acute kidney injury during sepsis. Renal biopsies were analyzed in order to study the time course of proteome changes caused by sepsis and surgery. The second part of the thesis contains experiments studying biocompatibility. A method for elution of proteins interacting with adsorbents used in extracorporeal liver support system and with hemodialyzer capillaries was prepared. Analysis of proteins adsorbed to polysulfone...
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